Django实例2¶

第一部分¶

➜  PycharmProjects django-admin startproject django_project2
➜  PycharmProjects cd django_project2
➜  django_project2 python3 manage.py startapp app01

配置¶

django_project2/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # 注册app01
    'app01',
]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static'),
)

urls¶

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),
]

templates¶

login.html¶

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <!-- 上传文件需要增加enctype="multipart/form-data" 属性 -->
    <form action="/login/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <p>
            篮球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="1">
            足球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="2">
            台球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="3">
            乒乓球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="4">
        </p>
        <p>
            <select name="city" multiple>
                <option value="sh">上海</option>
                <option value="bj">北京</option>
                <option value="tj">天津</option>
            </select>
        </p>
        <input type="file" name="xxx">
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

home.html¶

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/home/" method="post">
        <input type="text" name="zxc">
        <input type="submit">
    </form>
    <span>method: {{ request.method }}</span>
</body>
</html>

views¶

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
import os
# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
from django.core.files.uploadedfile import InMemoryUploadedFile


def index(request):
    return HttpResponse('<h1>Index</h1>')


def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        # 获取的是一个列表,适用于复选框,select
        v = request.POST.getlist("favor")
        ct = request.POST.getlist("city")
        print(v)
        print(ct)

        obj = request.FILES.get("xxx")
        if obj:
            # <class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'>
            # from django.core.files.uploadedfile import InMemoryUploadedFile
            # 可以通过上述对象,查看obj详细信息
            # obj.name 为文件名
            print(obj, type(obj), obj.name)
            # upload/文件名
            file_path = os.path.join('upload', obj.name)
            # 如果目录不存在,则创建
            if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(file_path)):
                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path))
            # 打开一个文件,将用户上传的内容写入文件,并关闭文件
            f = open(file_path, mode='wb')
            for i in obj.chunks():
                f.write(i)
            f.close()

        return redirect('/login/')
    else:
        return redirect('index')


# views里面也可以使用类
class Home(View):
    # 需要from django.views import View

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 每一次执行对应方法的时候,会在执行之前打印"before",执行之后打印"after"
        print('before')
        # 调用父类中的dispatch
        result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return result

    def get(self, request):
        # return HttpResponse('<h1> class Home get</h1>')
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

    def post(self, request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

第二部分-路由¶

访问index,显示用户,点击用户名,显示详细用户信息

html templates¶

index.html¶

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    {{ user_dict.k1 }}
    <ul>
        {% for k,row in user_dict.items %}
            <li><a href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.name }}</a></li>

            <!--
            <li><a href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.name }}</a></li>
            -->
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <ul>
        {% for k in user_dict.keys %}
            <li>{{ k }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>

    <ul>
        {% for val in user_dict.values %}
            <li>{{ val }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    <ul>
        {% for k,row in user_dict.items %}
            <li>{{ k }}-{{ row }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
    </ul>
</body>
</html>

视图(views)¶

添加如下内容

USER_DICT = {
    '1': {'name': 'root1', 'email': 'root@163.com'},
    '2': {'name': 'root2', 'email': 'root@163.com'},
    '3': {'name': 'root3', 'email': 'root@163.com'},
    '4': {'name': 'root4', 'email': 'root@163.com'},
    '5': {'name': 'root5', 'email': 'root@163.com'},
}


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'user_dict': USER_DICT})


# 第一版
def detail(request):
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    return HttpResponse(USER_DICT[nid].items())

路由(urls)¶

url(r'^index/', views.index),
url(r'^detail/', views.detail),

第二版¶

# 对应 urls
# url(r'^detail-(\d+).html', views.detail),
# 第二版,需要传一个参数,url匹配的时候(括号里面的内容会当做参数餐给对应的试图函数)
def detail(request, nid):
    nid = nid
    print(nid)
    return HttpResponse(USER_DICT[nid].items())

动态路由系统¶

# url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail),
如果用这种方式传参,试图函数接收参数时,顺序不能错,否则就会有问题

# 分组匹配,对应参数传给对应名字的形参
url(r'^detail-(?P<uid>\d+)-(?P<nid>\d+).html', views.detail),

# 视图函数使用 *args, **kwargs 接收所有参数
def detail(request, *args, **kwargs):
    # 访问 http://127.0.0.1:8112/detail-3-2.html
    # 使用对应url出现的结果

    # url(r'^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html', views.detail),
    # ('3', '2')
    print(args)

    # url(r'^detail-(?P<uid>\d+)-(?P<nid>\d+).html', views.detail),
    # {'uid': '3', 'nid': '2'}
    print(kwargs)
    return HttpResponse("  ")

第三部分-模型¶

在第一部分已经在settings.py中注册过app01

数据库配置¶

sqlite¶

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}

mysql¶

Django默认使用MySQLdb模块链接Mysql

主动修改为pymysql操作数据库

# 安装
pip3 install pymysql

# 然后在项目的`__init__.py`文件加入以下两行配置：

​```shell
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
​```

settings.py配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'yang',
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': '111xxx',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '3306'
    }
}

models.py¶

创建类

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    # Django会自动创建一个id列,自增,主键
    # 用户名,及密码,字符串类型,指定最大长度
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)

执行命令,会根据app下的models.py自动创建数据库表

python3 manage.py makemigrations
python3 manage.py migrate

添加url,views,通过访问url进行测试¶

urls

url(r'^orm/', views.orm),

views

from app01 import models
def orm(requeset):
    # 增加操作进行测试

    return HttpResponse('orm')

基本操作¶

增¶

from app01 import models
def orm(requeset):
    # 增加操作进行测试

    # 创建
    # 方法一
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123')

    # 方法二
    obj = models.UserInfo(username='xxx',password='qwe')
    obj.save()
    return HttpResponse('orm')

python-django-models-01

继续修改视图函数

def orm(requeset):
    # 增加操作进行测试

    # 创建
    # 方法一
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123')

    # 方法二
    # obj = models.UserInfo(username='xxx',password='qwe')
    # obj.save()

    # 方法三,传入字典
    dic = {'username': 'abc', 'password': '666'}
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
    return HttpResponse('orm')

查¶

def orm(requeset):
    # 增加操作进行测试

    # 创建
    # 方法一
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123')

    # 方法二
    # obj = models.UserInfo(username='xxx',password='qwe')
    # obj.save()

    # 方法三,传入字典
    # dic = {'username': 'abc', 'password': '666'}
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)

    # 查
    # 查询所有,返回的是一个QuerySet
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
    # <QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>]>
    print(result)

    for row in result:
        print(row.id, row.username, row.password)
    # 过滤
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root')
    # 多个条件
    result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root', password='123')

    # 删
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').delete()
    # 改
    # models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').update(password='asd')

    return HttpResponse('orm')

简单登录验证¶

def orm(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'orm.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get('username')
        p = request.POST.get('password')
        # 使用first(),如果有则返回一个对象,如果没有则返回一个None
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).first()
        # 获取obj之后,可以在页面显示用户信息
        if obj:
            return redirect('/index/')
        else:
            return render(request, 'orm.html')
    return HttpResponse('orm')

orm.html

<body>
    <form action="/orm/" method="post">
        <p>
            用户名: <input type="text" name="username">
        </p>
        <p>
            密码: <input type="password" name="password">
        </p>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>

第四部分-简单用户管理¶

project.urls¶

from django.conf.urls import include

urlpatterns = [
    # 添加如下语句,使用路由分发
    url(r'^cmdb/', include('app01.urls')),
]

app01.urls¶

文件若不存在,则创建

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

from django.conf.urls import include

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^user_info/', views.user_info),
    url(r'^userdetail-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_detail),
    url(r'^userdel-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_del),
    url(r'^useredit-(?P<nid>\d+)/', views.user_edit),
]

view¶

def user_info(request):
    if request.method == "GET":

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
        # print(user_list.query)
        # SELECT "app01_userinfo"."id", "app01_userinfo"."username", "app01_userinfo"."password" FROM "app01_userinfo"

        # QuerySet [obj, obj, ]
        return render(request, 'user_info.html', {'user_list': user_list})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        u = request.POST.get('user')
        p = request.POST.get('pwd')
        models.UserInfo.objects.create(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')


def user_detail(request, nid):
    # 取单条数据,如果不存在,会直接报错
    # obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=nid)

    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
    return render(request, 'user_detail.html', {'obj': obj})


def user_del(request, nid):
    models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/cmdb/user_info')


def user_edit(request, nid):
    if request.method == "GET":
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first()
        return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'obj': obj})
    elif request.method == "POST":
        nid = request.POST.get('id')
        u = request.POST.get('username')
        p = request.POST.get('password')
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(username=u, password=p)
        return redirect('/cmdb/user_info/')

templates¶

base.html¶

{% load staticfiles %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/common.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="pg-header">
        xxxxxxxx
    </div>

    <div>
        <div class="menu-header">
            <p><a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_info/">用户管理</a></p>
            <p><a class="menu" href="/cmdb/user_group/">用户组管理</a></p>
        </div>
    </div>

    {% block content-wrapper %}

    {% endblock %}

</body>
</html>

user_info.html¶

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load staticfiles %}

{% block content-wrapper %}
    <div class="pg-content">
        <h3>添加用户</h3>
        <form action="/cmdb/user_info/" method="post">
            <input type="text" name="user">
            <input type="password" name="pwd">
            <input type="submit" value="添加">
        </form>
        <h3>用户列表</h3>
        <ul>
            {%  for row in user_list %}
                <li>
                    <a href="/cmdb/userdetail-{{ row.id }}/">{{ row.username }}</a> |
                    <a href="/cmdb/useredit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a> |
                    <a href="/cmdb/userdel-{{ row.id }}/">删除</a>
                </li>
            {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

user_detail.html¶

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load staticfiles %}

{% block content-wrapper %}

    <div class="pg-content">
        <h1>用户详细信息</h1>

        <h5>{{ obj.id }}</h5>
        <h5>{{ obj.name }}</h5>
        <h5>{{ obj.password }}</h5>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

user_edit.html¶

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% load staticfiles %}

{% block content-wrapper %}

    <div class="pg-content">

        <h1>编辑用户</h1>
        <form action="/cmdb/useredit-{{ obj.id }}/" method="post">
            <input style="display: none;" type="text" name="id" value="{{ obj.id }}">
            <input type="text" name="username" value="{{ obj.username }}">
            <input type="password" name="password" value="{{ obj.password }}">
            <input type="submit" value="提交">
        </form>

    </div>
{% endblock %}

本实例相关知识¶

getlist¶

用于CheckBox,select等多选的内容,获取到的内容为一个列表

ct = request.POST.getlist("city")

上传文件¶

form表单需要做特殊设置, enctype="multipart/form-data"
服务端接收文件并保存

form表单需要添加enctype属性¶

<!-- 上传文件需要增加enctype="multipart/form-data" 属性 -->
<form action="/login/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <p>
        篮球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="1">
        足球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="2">
        台球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="3">
        乒乓球: <input type="checkbox" name="favor" value="4">
    </p>
    <input type="file" name="xxx">
    <input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>

request.FILES¶

def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'login.html')
    elif request.method == "POST":
        obj = request.FILES.get("xxx")
        if obj:
            # <class 'django.core.files.uploadedfile.InMemoryUploadedFile'>
            # from django.core.files.uploadedfile import InMemoryUploadedFile
            # 可以通过上述对象,查看obj详细信息
            # obj.name 为文件名
            print(obj, type(obj), obj.name)
            # upload/文件名
            file_path = os.path.join('upload', obj.name)
            # 如果目录不存在,则创建
            if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(file_path)):
                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(file_path))
            # 打开一个文件,将用户上传的内容写入文件,并关闭文件
            f = open(file_path, mode='wb')
            for i in obj.chunks():
                f.write(i)
            f.close()

        return redirect('/login/')
    else:
        return redirect('index')

FBV & CBV¶

function base view

class base view

Django支持FBV和CBV¶

views里面也可以使用类¶

urls¶

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/', views.login),
    url(r'^home/', views.Home.as_view()),
]

views¶

详细信息看父类View

from django.views import View


# views里面也可以使用类
class Home(View):
    # 需要from django.views import View

    def get(self, request):
        # return HttpResponse('<h1> class Home get</h1>')
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

    def post(self, request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

父类View¶

class View(object):
    """
    Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
    dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
    """

    http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
    # 编写对应方法,对应的请求则会触发对应的方法
    # Django会先拿到请求,执行dispatch方法,通过getattr方法获取对应方法
    # 再执行对应方法
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

我们也可以自己定义dispatch

class Home(View):
    # 需要from django.views import View

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # 每一次执行对应方法的时候,会在执行之前打印"before",执行之后打印"after"
        print('before')
        # 调用父类中的dispatch
        result = super(Home,self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return result

    def get(self, request):
        # return HttpResponse('<h1> class Home get</h1>')
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

    def post(self, request):
        print(request.method)
        return render(request, 'home.html')

models基本操作¶

增¶

from app01 import models
def orm(requeset):
    # 增加操作进行测试

    # 创建
    # 方法一
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='root',password='123')

    # 方法二
    # obj = models.UserInfo(username='xxx',password='qwe')
    # obj.save()

    # 方法三,传入字典
    dic = {'username': 'abc', 'password': '666'}
    models.UserInfo.objects.create(**dic)
    return HttpResponse('orm')

查¶

# 查
# 查询所有,返回的是一个QuerySet
result = models.UserInfo.objects.all()
# <QuerySet [<UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>, <UserInfo: UserInfo object>]>

# 过滤
result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root')
# 多个条件
result = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root', password='123')

删¶

models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').delete()

改¶

models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username='root').update(password='asd')

first¶

obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=u, password=p).first()

count¶

统计数量

models.UserInfo.objects.all().count()